REVIEW OF GENERAL SHODHANA PROCEDURES OF POISONS (VISH & UPVISH)

Abstract

Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, emphasizes not only the treatment of diseases but also their prevention. The Acharyas of Ayurveda have meticulously outlined every aspect of drug usage, from collection and manufacturing to proper administration, with specific guidelines for dosage, adjuvants (Anupāna and Sahapāna), and standard protocols for multi-drug formulations. Even for poisons (Vishas) and semi-poisons (Upavishas) used for therapeutic purposes, individualized purification processes (Shodhana) are detailed to mitigate potential adverse effects. In cases where specific methods or materials are unavailable, general purification techniques are described to ensure the accessibility and feasibility of drug preparation. Amid growing concerns regarding the toxicity of Ayurvedic drugs on the international stage, these simple and effective purification methods can serve as universal antidotes. Moreover, instructions are provided for easy home-based processing of certain substances. For instance, Swarnagairik can be roasted (Bharjana) at home before use, enhancing accessibility and promoting trust in Ayurveda among the general public.The general purification processes outlined in Ayurveda offer practical, user-friendly guidelines for the safe preparation of poisons and semi-poisons, fostering confidence in the Ayurvedic system.

Keywords: Poisons, semi-poisons, purification processes, Shodhana, Ayurveda.