ADVANCED PERSPECTIVE ON HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA

Abstract

Hyperphosphatemia, characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels, stands as a significant metabolic derangement with far-reaching clinical implications. The genesis of hyperphosphatemia is multifactorial, commonly stemming from renal dysfunction, excessive dietary phosphate intake, endocrine disorders, or medication usage. While often asymptomatic in its early stages, chronic hyperphosphatemia can instigate systemic complications, notably vascular calcification, cardiovascular events, and renal impairment, thereby underscoring its prognostic significance. Diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia necessitates meticulous evaluation, incorporating serum phosphate levels, renal function assessments, and clinical history. Laboratory investigations, including serum phosphate assays and renal function tests, serve as cornerstone diagnostic tools, complemented by imaging studies to discern underlying pathology. Therapeutic strategies for hyperphosphatemia revolve around phosphate control and mitigating associated complications. Pharmacological interventions, such as phosphate binders and calcimimetics, aim to reduce phosphate absorption and enhance phosphate excretion, thereby restoring phosphate homeostasis. Additionally, dietary modifications, including phosphate-restricted diets and nutritional counselling, play a pivotal role in long-term management, empowering patients to adopt healthier dietary practices.

Key Words: Hyperphosphatemia, Hypocalcemia, Bone minerlisation.