EVALUATION OF BACOPA MONERI FOR ANTI -ANALGESIC ACTIVITY
Abstract
Pain is a complex and uniquely personal experience, involving various physiological and perceptual pathways and factors The currently available standard drugs for pain and inflammation remain the mainstay for managing and treating these disorders. However, they are associated with many side effects Recently, the interest in the use of herbal products has grown dramatically in the western world as well as in developed countries Bacopa monnieri locally known as brahmi or Jalanimba in India, has been used for centuries in the Ayurveda the treatment of asthma, insanity and epilepsy. The plant has been utilized extensively as a nootropic, digestive aid and to improve learning, memory and respiratory function. The aim of this study is to evaluate anti analgesic activity of Bacopa moneri. Thee leaves of plant were collected and subjected to extraction. Further oualitative, quantitative studies along with in vivo studies for detecting anti analgesic activity was performed. The results showed that The HABM (Hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa moneri) at 300mg/kg & at 500mg/kg showed significant increase in latency time (P < 0.01) and percentage protection was found to be 44.82.0% and 38.458% respectively. At 500 and 300mg/kg, i.p. the extract showed significant increase in reaction time (P < 0.01). The tail withdrawal reflex time in Hydroalcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri was found to be significant in mice at 30 min. HABM at 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing responses. From these results it can be concluded that Bacopa monnieri exhibits potent anti -analgesic activity.
References
Van Rensburg R, Reuter H. An overview of analgesics: NSAIDs, paracetamol, and topical analgesics Part 1. South African Family Practice. 2019 Jun 7.
Merskey H, Bogduk N. IASP terminology. IASP Task Force on Taxonomy. 1994; 2:209-14.
Geremew H, Shibeshi W, Tamiru W, Engdawork E. Experimental evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of 80% methanolic leaf extract of Moringa stenopetala Bak. F. in mice. Ethiop Pharm J. 2015;31(1):15–26. doi:10.4314/epj.v31i1.2
Tamrat Y, Nedi T, Assefa S, Teklehaymanot T, Shibeshi W. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of solvent fractions of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala Bak. (Moringaceae) in mice models. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017;17(1):473. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1982-y
Schug SA, Garrett WR, Gillespie G. Opioid and non-opioid analgesics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003;17(1):91–110. doi:10.1053/bean.2003.0267
Husain GM, Mishra D, Singh PN, Rao ChV, Kumar V. Ethnopharmacological review of native traditional medicinal plants for brain disorders. Pharmacog Rev 2007;1:20-8
Mukheijee DG, Dey CD. Clinical trial on Brahmi. Int J Exp Med Sci 1966;10:5-11.
Chopra RN. Indigenous Drugs of India. 2nd ed. Calcutta, India: U.N. Dhur and Sons; 1958. p. 341.
Russo A, Borrelli F. Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an overview. Phytomed 2005;12:305-17
Gohil KJ, Patel JA. A review on Bacopa monniera: current research and future prospects. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP). 2010;4(1).
Muthukumaran, C., Praniesh, R., Navamani, P., Swathi, R., Sharmila, G. and Kumar, N.M., 2017. Process optimization and kinetic modeling of biodiesel production using non-edible Madhuca indica oil. Fuel, 195, pp.217-225
Jain, D.L., Baheti, A.M., Jain, S.R. and Khandelwal, K.R., 2010. Use of medicinal plants among tribes in Satpuda region of Dhule and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra—an ethnobotanical survey
Amic, D., Davidovic-Amic, D., Beslo, D. and Trinajstic, N., 2003. Structure and radical scavenging activity relationships of flavonoids. Croatica chemica acta, 76(1), pp.55-61
OECD Guidelines for Testing Chemicals, Guidelines 423, Acute oral toxicity—acute toxic class method. Paris, 1996
Woolfe, G., MacDonald, A.D., 1944. The evaluation of the analgesic action of pethidine hydrochloride (DEMEROL). Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 80, 300–30
Kulkarni, S.K., 1999. Hand Book of Experimental Pharmacology. Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi, p. 117. 428
Toma, W., Graciosa, J.S., Hiruma-Lima, C.A., Andrade, F.D.P., Vilegas, W., Souza Brita, A.R.M., 2003. Evaluation of the analgesic and antiedematogenic activities of Quassia amara bark extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 85, 19–23.
Dykstra, L.A., Woods, J.H., 1986. A tail withdrawal procedure for assessing analgesic activity in Rhesus monkeys. Journal of Pharmacological Methods 15, 263–269.
Kirtikar, K.R., Basu, B.D., 1995. Indian Medicinal Plants, vol. 1. International Book Distributors, Dehradun, pp. 72, 308, 562.
