CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT OF SHAQEEQA (MIGRAINE) IN UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE: A REVIEW
Abstract
Migraine is one of the oldest medical conditions afflicting mankind. It is form of primary headache derived from term “hemi-crania”. Its historical background dates back to Mesopotamian era but first written documentation was done by Buqrat, and further description about its location and cause was given by Jalinoos. Al-Razi, described its aetiopathogenesis, clinical features and management. Migraine manifests with recurrent attacks of pulsating headache, mostly associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, with or without an aura. Onset is unilateral, with varying intensity, frequency and duration. The word Shaqeeqa is derived from Arabic word ‘Shiq’ which means ‘a part’ or ‘a side’. As per classical literature it is a type of Suda, in which pain occurs on one side of head. The causative factor for Shaqeeqa are the morbid matters and Bukharat e Radiya (morbid vapours) arising from morbid humours which are either excessive in amount, too hot or too cold. Tabiyat fails to eliminate the cause and propels it to one part of the brain which is weak and tries to protect the other side. It often results due to Sue Mizaj Maddi (abnormal substantial temperament) giving two variants Shaqeeqa haar and Shaqeeqa barid. Since the pain occurs in a part rather than entire head giving it name Shaqeeqa, characterized by recurrent episodes that are moderate to severe in nature. In Unani medicine treatment of Shaqeeqa mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the body and strengthening the brain using Muqawwiyat-e-Dimagh (brain tonics).
Key-words: Bukharat e Radiya; Migraine; Muqawwiyat-e-Dimagh; Shaqeeqa; Suda; Sue Mizaj Maddi; Tabiyat.
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